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Winsock Programming In Dev C++

  1. Winsock Pdf
  2. Winsock Programming Tutorial
  3. Winsock Example
  4. C++ Winsock Server
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Scocket Programming with DEV-C++

在 DEV-C++ 中要使用 Windows Socket Programming 必須要連結 Winsock 函式庫。連結函示庫的方法說明如下：
Step 1. 開啟工具列中的「專案」> 「專案選項」
Step 3. 按下「參數」頁面中的「新增函式庫或 Obj 檔」
Step 5. 如果在「連結器」文字框中會出現 .liblibwsock32.a，則按下「確定」
完成以上步驟後就可以開始撰寫 Windows Socket 程式。

簡單的 server 程式

int main() {
SOCKET server_sockfd, client_sockfd;
int server_len, client_len;
struct sockaddr_in server_address;
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
// 註冊 Winsock DLL
WSADATA wsadata;
if(WSAStartup(0x101,(LPWSADATA)&wsadata) != 0) {
printf('Winsock Errorn');
server_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); // AF_INET(使用IPv4); SOCK_STREAM; 0(使用預設通訊協定，即TCP)
if(server_sockfd SOCKET_ERROR) {
printf('Socket Errorn');
// short int sin_family; /* AF_INT(使用IPv4) */
// struct in_addr sin_addr; /* IP位址 */
// sturct in_addr {
// };
server_address.sin_family = AF_INET; // AF_INT(使用IPv4)
server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr('127.0.0.1'); // 設定IP位址
server_address.sin_port = 9734; //設定埠號
server_len = sizeof(server_address);
if(bind(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_address, server_len) < 0) {
printf('Bind Errorn');
exit(1);
}

if(listen(server_sockfd, 5) < 0) {
printf('Listen Errorn');
exit(1);
}
while(1) {
char ch;
printf('Server waiting..n');
client_len = sizeof(client_address);

client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_address, &client_len);
if(client_sockfd SOCKET_ERROR) {
printf('Accept Errorn');
exit(1);
}

recv(client_sockfd, &ch, 1, 0); // Linux socket programming 為 read
ch++;
send(client_sockfd, &ch, 1, 0); // Linux socket programming 為 write
closesocket(client_sockfd); // Linux socket programming 為 close
}
}

簡單的 client 程式

int main() {
SOCKET sockfd;
int len;
struct sockaddr_in address;
int result;
char ch = 'A';
WSADATA wsadata;
if(WSAStartup(0x101,(LPWSADATA)&wsadata) != 0) {
printf('Winsock Errorn');
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr('127.0.0.1');
address.sin_port = 9734;
len = sizeof(address);
result = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, len);
if(result -1) {
printf('Connetc Error');
exit(1);
}
send(sockfd, &ch, 1, 0);
recv(sockfd, &ch, 1, 0);
printf('char from server = %cn', ch);
closesocket(sockfd);
exit(0);
}
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Windows Socket Programming & IPv6 Translation Middleware Dr. Whai-En Chen VoIP and IPv6 Laboratory Research Assistant Professor Dept. Of Computer Science and Information Engineering. Traktor pro images.

In computing, the Windows Sockets API (WSA), later shortened to Winsock, is a technical specification that defines how Windowsnetworksoftware should access network services, especially TCP/IP. It defines a standard interface between a Windows TCP/IP client application (such as an FTP client or a web browser) and the underlying TCP/IP protocol stack. The nomenclature is based on the Berkeley socketsAPI model used in BSD for communications between programs.

Background[edit]

Later Microsoft operating systems, both MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, offered limited networking capability, chiefly based on NetBIOS. In particular, Microsoft did not offer support for the TCP/IP protocol stack at that time. A number of university groups and commercial vendors, including the PC/IP group at MIT, FTP Software, Sun Microsystems, Ungermann-Bass, and Excelan, introduced TCP/IP products for MS-DOS, often as part of a hardware/software bundle. When Windows 2.0 was released, these vendors were joined by others such as Distinct and NetManage in offering TCP/IP for Windows. /install-windows-7-on-mac-using-boot-camp.html.

The drawback faced by all of these vendors was that each of them used their own API (Application Programming Interface). Without a single standard programming model, it was difficult to persuade independent software developers to create networking applications which would work with any vendor’s underlying TCP/IP implementation. Add to this the fact that end users were wary of getting locked into a single vendor and it became clear that some standardization was needed.

The Windows Sockets API was proposed by Martin Hall of JSB Software (later Stardust Technologies) in a 'BoF' (Birds of a Feather) discussion on the CompuServeBBS network in October 1991.[citation needed] The first edition of the specification was authored by Martin Hall, Mark Towfiq of Microdyne (later Sun Microsystems), Geoff Arnold of Sun Microsystems, and Henry Sanders and J Allard of Microsoft, with assistance from many others.[citation needed] There was some discussion about how best to address the copyright, intellectual property, and potential anti-trust issues, and consideration was given to working through the IETF or establishing a non-profit foundation. In the end, it was decided that the specification would simply be copyrighted by the five authors as (unaffiliated) individuals.

All the participating developers resisted the shortening of the name to simple Winsock for a long time,[citation needed] since there was much confusion among users between the API and the DLL library file (winsock.dll) which only exposed the common WSA interfaces to applications above it. Users would commonly believe that only making sure the DLL file was present on a system would provide full TCP/IP protocol support.[citation needed]

Technology[edit]

The Windows Sockets API specification defines two interfaces: the API used by application developers, and the SPI, which provides a means for network software developers to add new protocol modules to the system. Each interface represents a contract. The API guarantees that a conforming application will function correctly with a conforming protocol implementation from any network software vendor. The SPI contract guarantees that a conforming protocol module may be added to Windows and will thereby be usable by an API-compliant application. Although these contracts were important when Windows Sockets was first released, since network environments required multi-protocol support (see above) they are now of only academic interest. Included in the Windows Sockets API version 2.0 are functions to use IPX/SPX, although the protocol was all but obsolete already at the time WSA 2.0 shipped. Microsoft has shipped the TCP/IP protocol stack with all recent versions of Windows, and there are no significant independent alternatives. Nor has there been significant interest in implementing protocols other than TCP/IP.

Windows Sockets code and design are based on BSD sockets, but provides additional functionality to allow the API to comply with the regular Windows programming model. The Windows Sockets API covered almost all the features of the BSD sockets API, but there were some unavoidable obstacles which mostly arose out of fundamental differences between Windows and Unix (though Windows Sockets differed less from BSD sockets than the latter did from STREAMS). All function calls in the API begin with the monikerWSA, e.g. WSASend() for sending data on a connected socket.

However it was a design goal of Windows Sockets that it should be relatively easy for developers to port socket-based applications from Unix to Windows. It was not considered sufficient to create an API which was only useful for newly written Windows programs. For this reason, Windows Sockets included a number of elements which were designed to facilitate porting. For example, Unix applications were able to use the same errno variable to record both networking errors and errors detected within standard C library functions. Since this was not possible in Windows, Windows Sockets introduced a dedicated function, WSAGetLastError(), to retrieve error information. Such mechanisms were helpful, but application porting remained extremely complex. Many original TCP/IP applications had been implemented by using system features specific to Unix, such as pseudo terminals and the fork system call, and reproducing such functionality in Windows was problematic. Within a relatively short time, porting gave way to the development of dedicated Windows applications.

Winsock Pdf

Specifications[edit]

  • Version 1.0 (June 1992) defined the basic operation of Winsock. It was kept very close to the existing interface of Berkeley sockets to simplify porting of existing applications. A few Windows-specific extensions were added, mainly for asynchronous operations with message-based notifications.
Although the document didn't limit support to TCP/IP, TCP and UDP were the only protocols explicitly mentioned. Most vendors only delivered TCP/IP support, although Winsock from DEC included DECNet support as well.
  • Version 1.1 (January 1993) made many minor corrections and clarifications of the specification. The most significant change was the inclusion of the gethostname() function.
  • Winsock 2 was a backwards-compatible extension of Winsock 1.1. It added support for protocol-independent name resolution, asynchronous operations with event-based notifications and completion routines, layered protocol implementations, multicasting, and quality of service. It also formalized support for multiple protocols, including IPX/SPX and DECnet. The new specification allowed sockets to be optionally shared between processes, incoming connection requests to be conditionally accepted, and certain operations to be performed on socket groups rather than individual sockets. Although the new specification differed substantially from Winsock 1, it provided source- and binary-level compatibility with the Winsock 1.1 API. One of the lesser known additions was the Service Provider Interface (SPI) API and Layered Service Providers.
  • Versions 2.0.x (May 1994 onwards) had internal draft status, and were not announced as public standards.
  • Version 2.1.0 (January 1996) was the first public release of the Winsock 2 specification.
  • Version 2.2.0 (May 1996) included many minor corrections, clarifications, and usage recommendations. It was also the first version to remove support for 16-bit Windows applications.
  • Version 2.2.1 (May 1997) and Version 2.2.2 (August 1997) introduced minor functionality enhancements. Mechanisms were added for querying and receiving notification of changes in network and system configuration.
  • The IPv6 Technical Preview for Windows 2000 (December 2000) saw the first implementation of RFC 2553 (March 1999, later obsoleted by RFC 3493), a protocol-independent API for name resolution, which would become part of Winsock in Windows XP.

Updates in Windows 8[edit]

Windows 8 includes the 'RIO' (Registered IO) extensions for Winsock.[1] These extensions are designed to reduce the overhead of the user to kernel mode transition for the network data path and the notification path, but use the rest of the regular Windows TCP and UDP stack (and uses existing network cards). The setup path (for example, the 'connect' function) is unchanged from the regular Winsock path.

Implementations[edit]

Microsoft implementations[edit]

Winsock Programming Tutorial

  • Microsoft did not supply an implementation of Winsock 1.0.
  • Version 1.1 of Winsock was supplied in an add-on package (called Wolverine) for Windows for Workgroups (code named Snowball). It was an integral component of Windows 95 and Windows NT from versions 3.5 and onwards (the initial commercially available version of Windows NT, version 3.1, included only a proprietary and quite incomplete implementation of TCP/IP based on the AT&T UNIX System V 'STREAMS' API[citation needed]).
  • Version 2.1 of Winsock was supplied in an add-on package for Windows 95. It was an integral component of Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, and all subsequent Windows releases. (Microsoft did not supply implementations of Winsock 2 for Windows 3.x or Windows NT 3.x.)
  • Recent versions of Winsock 2.x have been delivered with new Windows releases or as part of service packs.
  • Winsock 2 is extensible by a mechanism known as a Layered Service Provider (LSP). Winsock LSPs are available for a wide range of useful purposes, including Internet parental controls, web content filtering, QoS etc. The layering order of all providers is kept in the Winsock Catalog. In previous versions of Windows, removing a buggy LSP could result in corruption of the Winsock catalog in the registry, potentially resulting in a loss of all network connectivity. Winsock in Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 and all later Windows operating systems has the ability to self-heal after a user uninstalls such an LSP.

Other implementations[edit]

  • Among the other vendors offering Winsock-compliant TCP/IP and UDP/IP stacks were (alphabetically) 3Com, Beame & Whiteside, DEC, Distinct, FTP Software, Frontier, IBM, Microdyne, NetManage, Novell, Sun Microsystems and Trumpet Software International.
  • Trumpet Winsock was one of the few Winsock 1.0 implementations that could be installed under Windows 3.0, which had no built-in support for Winsock.[2][3] Trumpet was also the most popular shareware implementation of Winsock for Windows 3.x. Trumpet Winsock 5.0 is available for Windows 95/98 and Windows NT and includes a Winsock 1.1 compliant IPv6 stack for these operating systems.[4]
  • The Wine project contains a source and binary compatible reimplementation of Winsock on top of the BSD sockets API.

See also[edit]

  • Layered Service Provider (Winsock LSP)

References[edit]

  1. ^'New techniques to develop low-latency network apps'. Channel 9.
  2. ^'Mosaic turns 20: Let's fire up the old girl, show her the web today'. theregister.co.uk.
  3. ^'What It Was Like To Build A World Wide Web Site In 1995'. fastcompany.com. 18 November 2015.
  4. ^'Downloads'. www.trumpet.com.au.

External links[edit]

Winsock Example

  • Sockets FAQ - Windows Sockets FAQ
  • Client / Server Programming with TCP/IP Sockets - Winsock C++ Programming
  • Windows Network Development blog — Microsoft developer blog covering Winsock, WSK, WinINet, Http.sys, WinHttp, QoS and System.Net, with a focus on features being introduced in Windows Vista

C++ Winsock Server

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